Koran as a Message of Peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Manchester City Swot Analysis Marketing Essay

Manchester City Swot Analysis Marketing Essay Presentation The undertaking is fundamentally about the two football crews from various football clubs. The thought is to make a key correlation between the two groups. The names of the football crews that have been taken for correlation incorporate the Manchester City Football club and Barcelona Football club. The group Manchester city is fundamentally from the English chief alliance while the group Barcelona is from the Spanish Division (Barcelona Soccer Institute, 2012). Both the groups have a decent notoriety in the Football business around the world. The point of the undertaking is to investigate the crucial vision articulations of both these clubs and contrast them with examine the relative viability of the two. This will give more data concerning who is the better side of both of them. Then again SWOT examination of the two groups will likewise be led and contrasted with see which group has the most qualities and openings accessible. Foundation AND HISTORY Manchester City Football club is essentially an English head class football club found and situated in Manchester. It was established in 1880 and was at first called West Gorton. At that point in 1887 they became Ardwick Association Football club and afterward they became Manchester City in 1894. Thisclub has played at the City of Manchester arena since the time of 2003, and have likewise played for Maine Road from 1923 too (Wikipedia, Manchester City F.C., 2013). the most treasuring and fruitful period for the club was in the late 1960s and the early piece of 1970s when they figured out how to win the group title, League Cup, FA Cup and the European Cup Winners Cup under the administration of Malcolm Allison and Joe Mercer. In the wake of being vanquished in the FA cup last of 1981, the cup really went into the period of decay, absolutely coming full circle in assignment towards the third level of English football in 1998. This was the main time in their history that they went so do wn. In the wake of having recovered the status of chief class, the club was inevitably bought by the Abu Dhabi United Group and the club got one of the wealthiest on the planet. In the year 2011 the Manchester city club figured out how to fit the bill for the bosses alliance and had the option to win the FA cup. In the year 2012 the club figured out how to win the head class, which is additionally alluded to as their first association title in the previous forty years. Then again Futsal Club Barcelona is there from the rise of their football club in 1899. FC Barcelona, which is otherwise called only Barcelona or Barca is really situated in Barcelona Catalonia in Spain (Wikipedia, History of FC Barcelona, 2011). The group was really established by a gathering of English, Spanish and Swiss footballers, and this gathering was really driven by Joan Gamper. The club has been known to play novice football in the early years until 1910 in different rivalries that were territorial. It was likewise in 1910 that the club took part in the first of their European rivalries, and since that time the club has had the option to win 10 UEFA trophies and a sextuple. Continuously 1928 Barcelona helped to establish La liga which is the top level in Spanish football, and they likewise discovered some little string of football clubs also. Barcelona has never been consigned from La liga and share a similar record as one of their rivals known as the genuine Madrid. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Corporate administration is essentially an arrangement of rules, procedures and practices by which the organization is controlled and coordinated. The idea really includes adjusting the interests of the different partners in the organization. Taking a gander at the structure of both the football clubs, both are fundamentally the same as and follow a business arrangement of an open constrained organization. Manchester city Football club has been making some acceptable memories with the administration and all the partners of the organization are fulfilled (Corporate Info, 2012). The fundamental purpose for this is the administration of the football club intends to inspire the football players and fans for the organization, then again the players have faith in constant and quality. The primary point of this football club is to satisfy the desires for their fans and individuals. Then again Barcelona is one of the best clubs of the world. The club has faith in complete quality and advances many basic beliefs like solid eating routine, resilience, and sports for the crippled. Then again the club additionally denounces prejudice (Pont, 2011). The administration of the organization and the players has been confronting a few issues; thusly Barcelona neglects to adjust the interests of different partners of the organization. SWOT ANALYSIS BARCELONA FOOTBALL CLUB Qualities Barcelona has a solid neighborhood Brand name and the best club in Europe and Spain. The Camp Now arena of Barcelona has a seating limit more than 100000 Barcelona has the best players on the planet that are playing for their Team. The brands known as the UNICEF, Qatar Foundation and Nike are related Brands with the Barcelona Football Club. This implies the group has a standout amongst other brand supports on the planet. Shortcomings The group is known to have a great deal of discussions in the football matches. It is essentially from the lesser well known and popular clubs when contrasted with the clubs that are English OPPORTUNITY The club has the chance to expand their fan bases from the nations like china, USA and India. In the event that the Barcelona football club can concentrate on all the more publicizing and advancements then this will help the club a great deal in building brand value. Dangers Different clubs that are common in Europe are purchasing out the great players out of Barcelona. This can be lethal for the club in the event that they don't prevent this from occurring The club has detailed a ton of inner issues between the players and the board which can likewise represent a danger to the prosperity of the club later on. The club has been known to have a great deal of money related obligation since it has been engaged with the player moves of costly players. This can mess liquidity up to the club later on. MANCHESTER CITY SWOT ANALYSIS Qualities The Manchester city football club includes a neighborhood situating inside Manchester The club has a great deal of transparency and advancement in the division of culture. They permit players from all societies to demonstrate their value and join the club. The club has probably the most extravagant patrons when contrasted with different clubs. Shortcomings The club has a frail nearness in the city of Manchester in light of the fact that numerous different contenders are additionally well known here. The name of this club isn't very entrenched when contrasted with different clubs. The vast majority of the players playing in this club are normal players. Openings The club should higher better players and utilize the rich backers that they have. This will improve of the presentation of the club later on. The club ought to get more brand supports to improve the brand picture of the club. The club can higher the absolute best mentors far and wide given the way that the club is rich. Dangers Manchester United Football club is superior to Manchester City and is more well known in Manchester than some other football club. As the case with different clubs inner issues are common in this club between the administration and the Coach. The club ought to guarantee that the issues don't deteriorate later on. Chunk of ice PRINCIPLES THEORY The chunk of ice is essentially a model that not just thinks about the obvious consistent degree of the subject, yet in addition clarifies the imperceptible passionate degree of the subject (GmbH). The rationale level of the subject which incorporates the technique, structure, capacities and procedures as a rule represents 10% of the general human limit while the social level adds up to 90% of the human limit. Following is the sketch for a run of the mill Iceberg Theory. The structure of the ice sheet rule and its 5 procedure levels Vital LEVEL At the vital level Manchester city FC targets conveying the best quality football to its fans. They are fundamentally worried for elite and incentive for the investors of the organization. Then again the Barcelona football club professes to be truly outstanding on the planet and they guarantee that they are not only a club; they are in excess of a club. Auxiliary LEVEL The administration execution for Barcelona has been poor at the auxiliary level in light of the fact that the organization has brought about numerous misfortunes on account of costly player contracts. Then again Manchester city has one of the most extravagant supervisory group. The supervisory group compensates its players well indeed and their objective is quality execution for the fans. Procedure LEVEL Manchester city asserts that its basic beliefs incorporate serving the devotees of the football club by depicting superb execution. Their primary point is to make nonstop an incentive for its fans and the investors of the organization. Then again Barcelona means to work about by following the guiding principle including the treatment of sports as the point of convergence, supporting the vital plans of the club and investigating the new zones of financing for the club. The club likewise targets carrying the individuals closer to the club regarding action and correspondence. Practical LEVEL The presentation level of the representatives or the players of Manchester city has been extremely high in the present. This is on the grounds that they have as of late won the chief group without precedent for as long as forty years. In this manner, the exhibition level of the players has been astounding. Then again Barcelona has been battling as of late in view of certain conflicts between the administration and players of the club. Then again there have been numerous player moves from this group in the ongoing years which has influenced the group science somewhat. Anyway the group can possibly skip once more from such issues since it is perhaps the best club of the Spanish alliance. Social LEVEL At the social level Barcelona football club

The 5 Stages of Recommending a Book to a Friend Who Will Never Read It

The 5 Stages of Recommending a Book to a Friend Who Will Never Read It This is a guest post from Corin Balkovek. As a child, Corin tried to find ways to look busy when she was actually reading a book. She still does that, but as a librarian, she has more luck pulling it off. Though I am as stereotypically bookish as a person can be (she types while wearing one of her pairs of book-themed socks she has received for birthdays, Christmas, and other gift-giving occasions), many of my friends just aren’t readers. Which I accept but don’t totally understand, much like I do with people who like to go on long, extended backpacking trips (so I have to haul everything I’ll need in with me, and then haul my own poop out in a bag? Nothankyouverymuch.) And as a lover of books and stories, I just want to share them with the people who are close to me, which means I’m often recommending books to people who will never, ever, never read the book. And I know that. But, I do it anyway. And much like the tragedies of life, these situations play out in a typical fashion: Denial Even though you’ve never seen them read a book, even though their bookcases at home only hold a small handful of books, most of which are either cookbooks or outdated travel guides from that one summer they vacationed in Bali or whatever, even though you know they haven’t read a book until they were assigned one in school, YOU KNOW they will love this book. It’s just so like them! It talks about all of their favorite things and in such a cool way that you almost want to memorize the better lines and then roll them out into your conversations with your friend so they think that you are both witty and deep, but don’t because you will mess it up and sound stupid and/or insane, or you are dedicated to being your most honest self. And maybe they don’t read because they haven’t found That Book yet, the one that will change their life. AND THIS IS TOTALLY THAT BOOK. I mean, it’s almost your duty to tell them about it: if you met the person who was their soulmate, you would be bound by friendship to tell them about it. WHAT IF THIS BOOK IS THEIR SOULMATE IN PAPER FORM? It’s not being annoying, it’s destiny. Text/email/handwritten note (lolololol, what?) with link to the book sent. Anger …Well, that response was underwhelming. Just a “cool, thx”? Do they think I’m just handing these recommendations out like tiny portions of lunch meat during sample day at Costco? I put real thought into this! I even summarized this one passage and connected it to a conversation we had that one time. THAT’S CALLED SYNTHESIS, DUDE, IT’S A MAJOR PART OF CRITICAL THINKING. That text/email/handwritten note (hahahahaha, yeah right) is practically an English lit essay in miniature form. I bet they didn’t even click on the link. Jerk. Bargaining What if I stop into the bookstore and just make sure that they have a copy, and then let them know it’s there. Their birthday is seven and half months away, I should just buy it and it can be an early gift! Maybe next time we are out and they go to the bathroom, I can sneak into their bag, find their library card, copy down the number, go to the library’s website, log in as them, and request the book be held for them so when they get the email they’ll go down to the library and be all “whaaa?” and then I can be all “SURPRISE!” (That’s not weird, right?) Depression Maaaaaaaan, I’m never going to geek out about this book with someone in real life. *gets on the internet* *finds book/reader-centric websites* *spends most of the afternoon reading reviews and discussion about book, responding to them in my head* Acceptance Ok, FINE. I’ll stop asking if you’ve read it. But you better stop asking if I’m going camping with you guys next month because girl, you know I’m not. Of course, sometimes, THEY ACTUALLY READ THE BOOK. Oh, glorious day! And when this happens, you get a special bonus stage: Smugness They text/email/send handwritten notes (ahahahahaha, c’mon now) as they work their way through the book, telling you their favorite parts, quoting the best lines. And sometimes, sometimes, they drop a “dude, I love this book!” And that when you get to say BITCH I TOLD YOU SO “Oh, I’m so glad you liked it” and order up a pair of book socks for them. After all, their birthday is coming up.

Hr Website Reviews - 1407 Words

Human Resource Website Review For this website review of human resource websites, it will cover the websites www.shrm.org and www.ifebp.org. Each one of these websites is a great site to use as a resource for their own respective category inside of human resources. This review will compare the same questions to keep the measurements fair, and will provide screenshots to use as demonstrations to provide visions throughout the paper. The first website that will be reviewed is www.shrm.org. SHRM stands for â€Å"Society for Human Resource Management†. The mission and purpose of SHRM is to produce a community open to a wide range of customers including human resource professionals, governments, media, businesses, to talk about the human†¦show more content†¦The other human resource website I reviewed is www.ifebp.org. IFEBP stands for â€Å"International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans†. The mission and purpose for IFEBP is to provide education and source of employee benefits, compensation, and financial education. (http://www.ifebp.org/AboutUs/MisVis/) This website plays an important role in human resources because it plays an important role in teaching employees and employers about benefits and compensation. Compared to the other website where it looked at human resources as a whole, IFEBP looks at a specific section within human resources. IFEBP serves to Canada, public employee, co rporate/single employer, multiemployer, and service providers. This means that a company can belong to this site where anyone can grant with access can look around, or people who are employees so they can further educate themselves. Companies may join this site to become more aware of trends, and how to have better employee benefit practices for the entire company. There are over 34,000 members who belong to IFEBP. (http://www.ifebp.org/Membership/FAQ/) Please see a screen shot below of all the different sectors. IFEBP is a non-profit organization, which has a nine-member executive member board that serves the company’s leadership roles. Roles range from President to Secretary. Also, a past President sits on the board. [pic] The IFEBP website offers educational programs and certificate programs to its members. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Human Resource Management ( Shrm ) Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesalso need a connection to the local HR community, which membership in THCRA will provide. TCHRA will enable me to attend their events and conferences, which will provide me with networking opportunities. TCHRA also has a job board with available local HR jobs, which will be a useful resource to me as I begin my job search. Joining TCHRA is a simple process. As I am already, a student member of SHRM I can become a member by simply registering on their website. I will be doing his before the end ofRead More3HRC Activity 21052 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ 3HRC (HR) Understanding organisations and the role of Human Resources Activity 2 The following report contains information on how Human Resources can support the organisation with both internal processes and meeting key business objectives. Human resources and the services they provide can be seen as the crucial link between staff and the achieving the business goals and objectives. They are there to create, produce and maintain all policies and procedures. And more importantlyRead MoreCmgt 575 Week 5929 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Phoenix CMGT - 575 Assignment from Sylabus: Prepare a 2-3 page narrative of your HR integaration project to explain you approach to the project’s sponsor, Hugh McCauley. Assignment Clarification from Questions amp; Comments Thread: This should be a personal narrative of your experience while working through the various stages of the assignment, using MS Project, comments, what would you have done differently, etc. ATTN: Hugh McCauley Service Request 004 for Riordian ManufacturingRead MoreInternal Applicants Are Treated Equally As The External Candidates936 Words   |  4 Pagesit is recommended that management can post jobs on TV and radio advertisements, newspapers, websites among others taking advantage of all communication channels. Review Applicants and Develop Short List After position is posted, applicants should apply for the vacancy. In this case applicants are considered as the lot that apply during the first application period. All search committee members should review the applicants. This ensures that many individuals get access to their qualifications. ThisRead MoreCipd Assessment1105 Words   |  5 Pagesalso briefly describe how they were learned? 1 Helping to gain buy-in to the new HR model, through developing the roles and responsibilities for the important new HR groups and further advocating the case for the changes. Leading on the development and implementation of the People Plan which has provided the framework for guiding and managing the transition (downsizing, restructuring and reskilling) of the HR function – and aspects of the related changes required of managers and individuals asRead MoreA Case Study Of Recruitment And Selection Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Southwood School: A Case Study in Recruitment and Selection Nicole M. Flores University of Maryland University College HRMN 300, HR Case Evaluation 1 November 12, 2016 On my honor, I submit this work in good faith, and pledge that I have neither given nor received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment. I have read and understand the importance of maintaining academic integrity as explained in the Online Guide to Writing and Research: http://www.umuc.edu/writingcenter/onlineguide/tutorial/chapter5/ch5-01Read Moree-Recurting1637 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿e-Recruiting HR professionals can use online recruiting to more effectively support recruitment activities while reducing organizational costs. Online recruiting reduces organisational costs plus its quick and easy to do. HR managers and professionals can post job vacancies in minutes from anyplace location where every there is internet accessibility and can receive immediate responses from eligible individuals without a fuss. However, HR professionals need to understand how this process worksRead MoreWeb Technology Will Certainly Enhance Talent Attraction, Retention and Development in Organization. Discuss in Relation to Specific Hr Practices.867 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific HR practices. Introduction Talent acquisition, retention and development is becoming into the range as one of the most critical elements of Human Resource Management. For years, companies have struggled to capture market share through economization and downsizing, while growth had seemed to take a backseat. New technology and tools are now available to address attracting, developing and retaining talent. Talent attraction-Recruitment One of the most important practices of HR is recruitmentRead MoreThe Approach Of Standard Chartered Bank Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagescorporate bank with its headquarters in London. It has been operating in more than 50 countries with 60,000 employees of 100 different nationalities. The bank has been deriving most of its profits from Asia and other parts of Africa and Middle East. (SCB website, 2008) A couple of years back, as part of its SHRM improvement program; they have started remodeling their talent management activities. Geraldine Haley, group head of talent management and leadership development in Standard Chartered Bank, gave aRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics For Hiring Practices Or Procedures Based On Race, Religion, Marital Status, And1596 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Airlines Official Human Resources Website. All inquiries and interactions will be made to and from this site. These Positions can and will be posted on other websites, at Job Fairs, and the like, but the official job posting will be on the World Global HR site. Updates and interactions with these MBA 605 LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR #4 4 postings will be made on and through this website to allow all job seekers the same access to the

Is The Social Environment Influence Type 2 Diabetes

Studies have shown that the social and built environment can play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and self-care behaviors (Christine et al., 2015; Gebreab et al., 2017; Pasala, Rao, Sridhar, 2010; Sidawi Al-Hariri, 2012; Smalls, Gregory, Zoller, Egede, 2014; Winkleby Cubbin, 2003). Social environment includes factors such as safety, violence, social disorder, social cohesion, and collective efficacy of the neighborhood (National Research Council (US) et al., 2013). Whereas, the built environment can be defined as â€Å"environments that are modified by humans, including homes, schools, workplaces, highways, urban sprawls, accessibility to amenities, leisure, and pollution† (Pasala et al., 2010, p. 63). Studies†¦show more content†¦Another cross-sectional study by Gary et al. (2008) explored whether perceived neighborhood problems (e.g., crime, access to exercise facilities, access to public transportation, trash and litter, lighting at nigh t, and access to nearby supermarket) were associated with health outcomes and behaviors among diabetic patients. The findings from this study depicted that more neighborhood problems were reported by individuals who lived in neighborhoods with higher poverty rates (33%) as compared to those who lived in neighborhoods with lower poverty rates (16%) (Gary et al., 2008). This study also found that individuals who reported more neighborhood problems were significantly more likely to smoke (15%) and had poorer control of blood pressure (25% 130/80 mmHg) in comparison to individuals who reported fewer neighborhood problems (Gary et al., 2008). Additional studies have provided evidence to support the notion that the built and social environment do have significant influence on the development of type 2 diabetes. For example, a population-based cohort study by Gebreab et al. (2017) examined the associations between neighborhood social and physical environments [(e.g., social cohesion, avai lability of favorable food stores (grocery stores, fruit and vegetable markets, and supermarket chains and non-chain stores), unfavorable food stores (convenience stores, liquorShow MoreRelatedIs Diabetes A Common Disease?1358 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease that we mostly discuss that causes illness to people’s health in our society is diabetes. It is believed that 50 percent of people living in Canada have been determined to have diabetes. Diabetes is a common disease that mostly occurs with people who are in old age along with specific group of individuals. Healthcare experts are trying to find ways to improve the healthcare of individuals with diabetes by anticipating ways by providing preventing and treatment measures for patients with thisRead MoreEssay about High Prices of Healthy Foods Prevents Control of Diabetes1247 Words   |  5 PagesMost of the individuals living with Type 2 Diabetes in these low income areas know they have to eat healthier foods in order to con trol the illness and reduce the risk of getting worse, but they are often confounded by the distance they had to travel in order to buy the healthier foods from the health market, unaffordable prices of buying a healthier nutritious food, and the means of travel to get to the market. Chaufan, Davis, Constantino (2011), noted that disproportionate risk is caused by livingRead MorePrevention Of Diabetes And Pre Diabetes Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pages Type II diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people in the United States and is also a disease that is continually growing in numbers. The cost of the individual and national health care systems is also a number that is growing. Policy for prevention of diabetes and pre-diabetes is something that while has changed some in the past, has been basically the same for the past 20-25 yeas. This disease affects many throughout the country, but effects those in the middle and lowerRead MorePrevention Of Type II Diabetes Policy Gap Analysis Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesalso a disease that is continually growing in numbers. The cost on the individual and national health care systems is also a number that is growing. Policy for prevention of diabetes and pre-diabetes is something that while has changed some in the past, has been basically the same for the past 20-25 yeas. This disease effects many throughout the country but effects those in the middle and lower classes due to the cost of eating healthier being greater than the alternative and also due to the factRead MoreIs Accounting For Ethnological And Structural Factors1313 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment of diabetes, including in Randomized Controlled Trials, and informs the â€Å"recognition of factors at the individual, provider, and health care system levels,† when providing diabetes care (Glanz, 2008, p. 426). The main purpose of the PRECEDE-PROCEED theoretical framework is to provide a framework for applying theories and concepts systematically in order to better plan and evaluate health behavior change projects (Glanz, 2008). The generalized steps of PRECEDE-PROCEED are: social assessmentRead MoreRelationship between Genetic Suceptibility, Obesity, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes1133 Words   |  5 PagesTYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) This type of diabetes commonly occurs in the later stage of life but due to increase in obesity; it also occurs in young adult. Type 2 diabetes can be defined as insulin resistant and insulin deficiency in the blood stream. OBESITY Obesity can be defined as been overweight with excess accumulated body fat by subcutaneously and viscerally; resulting in a high body mass index (BMI) which has negative effects on health (Taylor et al, 2010). BMI is defined by dividingRead MoreInside Type 2 Diabetes Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 diabetes is a very serious disease with many life threatening consequences, but if it is manage properly through preventative measures, diabetics can live a normal life. According to (Diabetes UK 2008) Type 2 diabetes can remain undetected for ten years or more and 50 per cent of people show signs of complications when diagnosed. It is therefore the responsibility of the individuals and the government to prevent the disease from developing. A lot of people do not realise that their weightRead MoreA Program For Encourage Diabetes Management And Prevention1454 Words   |  6 Pages Aisha Hanif Introduction St. John’s Well Child in Los Angeles has created a program to encourage Diabetes management and prevention. The program, established in 2008, aims to help patients manage their diabetes through weekly classes, educating them on maintaining healthy diets, self-regulating their blood sugar levels and creating daily exercise routines. The program at St. John’s follows many constructs of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), a model that uses various stages and processes ofRead MoreNursing and Evidence Based Practice Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesStudies. The paper followed the research process and employed a qualitative phenomenological paradigm that explored the lived experience of thirty-two Swedish teenagers with type 1 diabetes who were transferring to independent self-care. The selected sample was 56% female, with an age range of five years, a wide range of diabetes duration (1-14 years) and varied extent of glycaemic control; illustrating a heterogeneous sample was recruited. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to generate data.Read MoreDiabetes : Symptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1058 Words   |  5 PagesHector Bustillos June 21, 2015 FCS 247- Nutrition Diabetes As young kids we learn from our family environment self-care behaviors, including diet and physical activity. As of 2014, there are 29.1 million people in the world that are diagnosed with diabetes. (2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report) Diabetes is a disease that affects how your body produces insulin, which then affects your blood sugar. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is where someone does not produce insulin at all

My Super Hero Free Essays

My Superhero If I were a superhero, I would want to be like super woman. She can do almost anything she wants. I could fly, shoot laser beams through my eyes, have super strength, invisibility, and have super speed. We will write a custom essay sample on My Super Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now My name would be The Bullet. [ (Your Super Hero Name) ] If I were a superhero, my powers would be flying, strength, laser eyes, invisibility, super strength, and super speed because then I could get places faster, be stronger, melt things with my eyes, and secretly be places without anyone else knowing. [ (Superpowers) ] If I were a superhero, I would be able to do almost anything I wanted without anybody having a say in it. I could cook my own meals with my laser beam eyes. I could save loads of money on gas by flying or running everywhere. I would also be super fit due to running or flying everywhere. Along with having super strength I would be able to also be a hero to anyone that needed help lifting things, or getting their kittens out of the tree, or any need anyone needed I could help them. If I was a superhero and my name was The Bullet, my outfit would be jeans and a t-shirt, because they are super comfortable and are casual. [ (Glamour Magazine) ] My t-shirt would be pink because my favorite color is pink. And my shoes would be running tennis shoes because they are my favorite to wear and most comfortable. If I was a superhero and my name was The Bullet, I would look casual to not stand out so badly in a crowd. My superpowers would include flying, strength, laser eye beams, invisibility, super speed, and super strength. Works Cited â€Å"Glamour Magazine. † August 2012. Superpowers. 22 August 2012 http://www. cracked. com/article_16449_7-people-from-around-world-with-real-mutant-superpowers. html. Your Super Hero Name. 22 August 2012 http://hawaii-five-0. proboards. com/index. cgi? board=otgeneral How to cite My Super Hero, Essay examples

Othello Is a Victim Who Runs Ahead of His Tempter free essay sample

Othello is a victim who runs ahead of his tempter Othello is a powerful and thought-provoking play because it demands its audience to contemplate the very nature of humanity. The concept of mankinds inherent evil is explored primarily through the character of Othello. The audience is often left confused as to whether Othellos downfall can be blamed on his character or rather the inescapable evil of man. Of course, in Othello, Iago acts as a catalyst for the disastrous chain of events and can hence be credited with initiating Othellos change in nature. The main theme of Othello is that of mankind’s intrinsic evil. Shakespeare explores the idea that, despite outside influences, within all people lie unavoidable jealousy, mistrust and cruelty. Shakespeare considers this idea largely through Othello, who is originally characterized as loyal, loving and kind. This is demonstrated by the respect he commands in the presence of the Duke and senators and also be the obvious love Desdemona holds for him, refusing, even upon his threatening her with death, to renounce her love. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Is a Victim Who Runs Ahead of His Tempter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shakespeare however provides two explanations for Othello’s transformation. The first being is that he is simply overly influenced by Iago’s evil, and the second being that all of mankind possess an inner immorality which cannot be held at bay, and to which Othello unfortunately succumbs. This innate element of humanity is defined throughout the play as a â€Å"monster†. Iago describes people as â€Å"not ever jealous for the cause. But jealous for they are jealous: ‘tis a monster. Begot upon itself, born on itself†. This use of metaphor highlights the horrific nature of this emotion that, like a monster, can completely consume its maker. Othello accuses Iago of acting â€Å"as of there were some monster in his thought. Too hideous to be shown†. This is ironic because Shakespeare is in fact using a premonition, in that he is also referring to the uncontrollable jealousy, or â€Å"monstrous thought†, within Othello, although it only later emerges. Othello’s response to Iago’s accusations of Desdemona as adulterous is â€Å"O monstrous, monstrous†. Axel Kruse, an academic who writes on Othello, claims this repetition of the word â€Å"monster† throughout the play is because of Shakespeare’s understanding of the need for obviousness and repetition of the main themes. However, the repetition of this powerful word also reinforces the concept of this so-called â€Å"monster† actually referring to humanity itself. The word â€Å"monster† encompasses all the flaws of man: cruelty, jealousy, suspicion and irrationality. Repetition is therefore a clever technique used to reinforce the idea of humanity’s inherent evil, constantly comparing it to an unrestrained monster. Othello’s death is also a tragic moment, where the hero of the narrative is reduced to one who â€Å"foams at mouth and†¦ breaks out to savage madness†. His ending forces the audience to consider whether this state of chaos and â€Å"irrational passion† (according to Axel Kruse) is in fact representative of the final illness of humanity itself. This concept of mankind’s intrinsic sin suggests that Othello is merely a victim of something greater and more powerful than himself, an evil that can be found in all people and is not just particular to Othello. Shakespeare also portrays Othello as weak in character, in that he succumbs to his doubts, acts irrationally and has a strong capacity for violence. By allowing the tragic hero to have quite obvious flaws, Shakespeare is demonstrating Othello’s ability to run ahead of his tempter because of his own hubris, rather than purely being a victim of humanity’s inescapable evil. This is evident in the play when Othello, referring to Iago’s accusations of Desdemona’s betrayal, says, â€Å"I’ll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove†, followed shortly by Othello stating, in the same scene, â€Å"’Tis destiny unshunnable, like death†. Here, Shakespeare uses contradiction to enforce Othello’s rapid ability to descend into suspicion and malice. Originally, Othello is logical and wise in that he refuses to make accusations without substantial evidence. This statement however is shortly followed by Othello’s demonic accusation of Desdemona’s disloyalty. This rapid transition in Othello’s faith and security implies that his downfall can be partly blamed on his own inability to control his suspicions. Shakespeare uses simile in Othello’s speech, comparing Desdemona’s betrayal with death. This diabolic comparison is significant because it originated from Othello’s own doubts rather than Iago’s convincing. Othello’s capacity to abuse and undermine Desdemona with no proof of her suspected crimes is an example of his own distrustful personality, as opposed to the inherent nature of mankind. Shakespeare also considers the possibility of Othello’s past influencing his character, especially regarding relationships. Early in the play, Othello describes his childhood of military training and experience on the battlefield saying, â€Å"little of this great world can I speak more than pertains to feats of broil and battle†. Othello himself acknowledges his naivety when it comes to domestic life because of his harsh upbringing. Othello describes in detail his meetings with â€Å"Cannibals that eat each other and the Anthropophagi, men whose heads to grow beneath their shoulders†. Shakespeare uses hyperbole in order to enhance the audience’s understanding of Othello’s brutal past in order to somewhat explain his misunderstanding of his domestic situation and justify his quickness to anger and violence. By exploring Othello’s past in such depth, Shakespeare suggests that Othello has cause to run ahead of his tempter, as he has been raised in a militant manner that encourages and demands distrust and doubt. Shakespeare explains that, to some extent, Othello is a victim of not only humanity’s inescapable capacity for destruction, but also of his own past. Shakespeare explores racial prejudice as an explanation for Othello being both a victim of society and himself. There is some irony in the play in that Othello can seem to be at once the most heroic of men for rising to a position of power and influence, despite the racial discriminations of the era, and also as a â€Å"monster in hiding reveals himself in his threats to tear his wife to pieces†. This is an extract from Axel Kruse’s essay, where he explores Othello’s capacity to play both victim and villain simultaneously. Kruse articulates the ability for Othello to run ahead of his tempter because of his constant struggles against being viewed as an outsider, a threatening â€Å"figure of weird ugliness†. However, Shakespeare contradicts himself in that, while he advocates Othello’s ability to overcome racial prejudice, also blames Othello’s faults on his ethnicity. Emilia, enraged by Othello’s crimes, says of Desdemona, â€Å"O, the more angel she, and you the blacker devil†. Shakespeare is using metaphor here to highlight Othello’s flaws and compare and credit them to his skin colour. The reason for this may be that he sought to justify Othello’s actions by blaming his inferior ethnicity, a stigma of Shakespearean times. Shakespeare may also have wanted to satisfy the demands of an Elizabethan audience who despised racial difference in society and wished to see such stereotypes exhibited in theatre. By blaming Othello’s downfall on his ethnicity, Shakespeare is claiming that Othello’s irrationality in running ahead of his tempter is partly because he is a victim of his own skin colour. Shakespeare establishes early on in the play that Iago is Othello’s tempter, the manipulative character who sparks Othello’s doubt. Before Iago’s intervention, Othello was seemingly totally captivated and in love with Desdemona. However, Iago’s manipulation is extremely subtle, and it almost appears that, rather than Iago encouraging Othello’s rash actions, Othello himself is responsible for his own downfall. While Iago is the first to vocalize a suggestion of Desdemona’s disloyalty, it often seems that Othello is in fact the original source of his own distrust, and hence runs ahead of his tempter, Iago. This is evident where, upon Cassio leaving Desdemona’s side, Iago says, â€Å"I like that not†. Without further explanation, Othello immediately understands this to mean that Cassio and Desdemona have an illegitimate relationship. Axel Kruse’s paper furthers this idea, stating, â€Å"the implication is that some kind of suspicious jealousy is present in Othello’s mind from the beginning†. Kruse highlights a highly significant aspect of Act 3, Scene 3, where Othello says of Iago, â€Å"By heaven, he echoes me†. This is following an extraordinary conversation between Iago and Othello where it appears that Othello is almost talking to himself and furthering his own feelings of doubt rather than Iago planting the ideas in his mind. Kruse questions whether, at this point, Iago is replacing Desdemona in Othello’s mind and seducing him into a state of chaos. However, while Iago admits to playing the â€Å"demi-devil†, it seems more that Othello runs ahead of Iago in that it is Othello who establishes himself as jealous and revengeful. Shakespeare establishes Othello as a victim, of both human nature and his suffering under a prejudice society. Yet Shakespeare also manages to convince his audience that, while victimized, Othello can still be blamed for running ahead of his tempter, his tempter being both Iago and human evil itself. Othello’s flaws come to light far more rapidly than would be natural under the circumstances, and it is therefore clear that Othello is responsible for his weakness in character, and ability to run ahead of his tempter.

Time Management Tips and Section Strategy on ACT Science

Time Management Tips and Section Strategy on ACT Science SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most students struggle with the timing of the ACT Science.I really struggled with it when I was a high school student.With only 52.5 seconds to answer each question or five minutes per passage, you have no time to waste. I improved my ACT science score by five points between my first official test and my second. Did I learn more sciencebetween the first and second test? No, but I did practice certain time management tips and ACT Science strategies specific to the section. In this article, I'll show you the lessons I learned so you can finish the section with time to spare. Time-Saving Tip 1: Do Not Read the Instructions I know you were taught to always read instructions, but do not read them on the day of the test. If you've taken ACT Sciencepractice tests before, you know what's coming, and instructions are a complete waste of time. The instructions will just slow you down. Here are the instructions, read them now and then never again: â€Å"DIRECTIONS: There are several passages in this test. Each passage is followed by several questions. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessary. You are NOT permitted to use a calculator on this test.† Not very helpful, right?The instructions never change; so do not waste your time reading them the day of the test. But I want to read the instructions! Time-SavingTip 2: Which Passage Do You Answer First? Every correct answer is worth the same, so spend your time on the least time costly questions first as this will maximize the number of points you get. To maximize your time and score. Start With the 3 Data Representation and 3 Research Summaries Passages You'll be able to identify these passages by the fact that they both include visuals, such as graphs, charts, or tables as part of or at the end of the passage. For more information on these types of passages, read about thethree types of ACT Science passages. Attack both passages the same way.Start by trying to answer the questions with visuals alone.Skip the ones you can’t answer with the visuals and come back to them after answering all of the other questions in that passage.Read more about this strategy in our other article. Save the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage for the End This passage takes the longest because there are no visuals. Instead, Conflicting Viewpoints passages include two short essays that have differing viewpoints. You have to read the entire passage to answer the questions. If you read the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage first or somewhere in the middle, it'll slow you down on the other passages.The Conflicting Viewpoints Passage requires an entirely different strategy and way of thinking. It'll break you out of your focused mindset of reading graphs, tables, and other visuals. So be sure tosave it for the very end. Try to make sure you have at least five minutes to attempt it.If you only have three minutes or less when you get to this passage, skip reading, jump to the questions and try to go back and skim to answer as best you can.It's better to read the whole passage first but with three minutes or less, you will not have time. Time-SavingTip 3: Know When to Skip Questions Keep track of your timing.You should not spend more than 1.5 minutes on any question. Ideally, you should be spending exactly 52.5 seconds on each question. However, some questions you'll be able to answer faster, so it'll allow you to spend a little more time on harder problems. Use process of elimination.Try to get rid of all the answer choices you know are wrong.Then, pick your favorite answer choice among what is left over.Even if you're not 100% sure, bubble it in, and put a small star next to it so you can go back to it if you have time. Don't spend more than 1.5 minutes lingering on a question.Going off of this point, you should not spend more than seven to eight minutes on any one passage (unless you have leftover time at the very end of the section).If you can’t do any process of elimination (more than likely you will be able to do some), leave it blank, put a mark by it, and come back to it if you have time. Try to avoid wasting a lot of time on a single question. Time-SavingTip 4: Figure Out Where You Are Getting Stuck This problem is person specific, but I'll try to show places where certain kinds of people get stuck. For the Math thinker, you sometimes get stuck in the numbers and lose sight of the main point.Don’t recalculate all the data or get lost in numerical details.Focus on the main ideas of the passage. If you get frustrated obsessing over numbers and then realizing you didn't need them to answer the question, you are getting stuck. Try to refocus your attention by looking at the questions first, figuring out exactly what you need to answer the question, and then going back and looking for only that information. For the English thinker, you might get stuck and overwhelmed by the visuals, numbers, or big science terms.Don’t panic over the numbers.Write your own notes in the margins to help you stay focused.If you need more visual reading practice, read abouthow to read graphs, tables, and data. Also, learnthe best strategy forreading ACT Science passages. For the Science thinker, don’t get stuck in dissecting the experiment or the science terms.Do not overthink the passage content. If you find yourself trying to fully understand the experiment and then realizing you didn't need to (which you shouldn't), you are getting stuck. Focus on the questions asked, read the questions first, and don't read the whole passage unless absolutely necessary to answer the questions (which it shouldn't be for the Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages). For the overachiever/perfectionist, you might get stuck wanting to be 100% sure you have the right answer.You do not have that luxury on this time-crunched test.Don’t linger.Move on. No one wants to end up stuck in the mud Time-SavingTip 5: Bubble inthe Blanks at the End Leave yourself 30 seconds to one minute at the end of the section to bubble in a letter for the ones you could not get to or skipped.DO NOT leave any blanks. There is no penalty for guessing on the ACT, so if you leave blanks, you are giving up free points. Every additional question or two that you answer correctly raises your score one point especially in the 30-36 range.There is no best letter to guess (even if you have heard C is the most used).All letters are used randomly and equally. Time-Saving Tip 6:Keep Your Energy Up The ACT Science section is always the last section of the test. You'll be tired. You'll have already been sitting for over an hour and a half.Your wrist will hurt from writing, and your butt will hurt from sitting. You'll be wondering if you answered that Math problem correctly. You must let go of what happened on the last three sections of the test and power through. You need to stay focused on this time-crunched ACT Science section. Have energy-packed snacks to eat at the break for an energy boost.Practice sitting for at least threefull-length practice tests before you take the actual test. Don't just sit for the 35-minute science section. As I said before, take three full-length practiceACTs, all five sections (including the essay if you'll be taking it) in one sitting. Want to learn more about ACT Science? Check out our new ACT Science prep book. If you liked this lesson, you'll love our book. It includes everything you need to know to ace ACT Science, including deep analysis of the logic behind ACT Science questions, a full breakdown of the different passage and question types, and tons of expert test-taking and study tips. Download our full-length prep book now: Recap Do not read the instructions! Don’t waste your time. Start with the Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages. Save the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage for last. Figure out where you are getting stuck and don’t do it! Skip if you have spent more than 1.5 minutes on it. Use process of elimination, pick your favorite answer to bubble in, mark it to come back to if you have time. Give yourself time to fill in the blanks and the end. Never leave blanks.You are giving up free points! Keep your energy up to get the best score! What’s Next? I hope you feel ready to maximize your time on the ACT Science! Trust yourself, know when to move on, and you will do great!Continue your ACT Science learning byreading aboutthe only actual science you need to know for ACT Science, andthe big secret of ACT Science. Having trouble with time management in other sections? Check out our time-saving strategies for ACT Readingand ACT Math. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Sciencelesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Statistics on Child Sexual Abuse

Statistics on Child Sexual Abuse Child sexual abuse is a devastating crime whose victims are those least able to protect themselves or speak out and whose perpetrators are most likely to be repeat offenders. Many pedophiles follow career paths that provide steady contact with children and earn them the trust of other adults. Priests, coaches and those who work with troubled youth are among the professions that child molesters have gravitated toward. Unfortunately, child sexual abuse is also a significantly under-reported crime that is difficult to prove and prosecute. Most perpetrators of child molestation, incest and child rape are never identified and caught. The following 10 facts and statistics, drawn from the National Center for Victims of Crime Child Sexual Abuse fact sheet, reveals the scope of child sexual abuse in the U.S. and its devastating long-term impact on a childs life: The almost 90,000 cases of child sexual abuse reported each year fall far short of the actual number. Abuse frequently goes unreported because child victims are afraid to tell anyone what happened and the legal procedure for validating an episode is difficult. (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry)An estimated 25% of girls and 16% of boys experience sexual abuse before they turn 18 years old. Statistics for boys may be falsely low because of reporting techniques. (Ann Botash, MD, in Pediatric Annual, May 1997.)Of all victims of sexual assault reported to law enforcement agencies67% were under age 1834% were under age 1214% were under age 6Of offenders who victimized children under age 6, 40% were under age 18. (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000.)Despite what children are taught about stranger danger, most child victims are abused by someone they know and trust. When the abuser is not a family member, the victim is more often a boy than a girl. The results of a three-stat e study of reported rape survivors under age 12 revealed the following about offenders:96% were known to their victims50% were acquaintances or friends20% were fathers16% were relatives4% were strangers(Advocates for Youth, 1995) Often, a parents connection (or lack thereof) to his/her child puts that child at greater risk of being sexually abused. The following characteristics are indicators of increased risk:parental inadequacyparental unavailabilityparent-child conflictthe poor parent-child relationship(David Finkelhor. Current Information on the Scope and Nature of Child Sexual Abuse. The Future of Children, 1994)Children are most vulnerable to sexual abuse between the ages of 7 and 13. (Finkelhor, 1994)Child sexual abuse involves coercion and occasionally violence. Perpetrators offer attention and gifts, manipulate or threaten the child, behave aggressively or use a combination of these tactics. In one study of child victims, half were subjected to a physical force such as being held down, struck, or violently shaken. (Judith Becker, Offenders: Characteristics and Treatment. The Future of Children, 1994.)Girls are the victims of incest and/or intrafamily sexual abuse much more frequently than boys. Betwe en 33-50% of perpetrators who sexually abuse girls are family members, while only 10-20% of those who sexually abuse boys are intrafamily perpetrators. Intrafamily abuse continues over a longer period of time than sexual abuse outside the family, and some forms such as parent-child abuse have more serious and lasting consequences.(Finkelhor, 1994.) Behavioral changes are often the first signs of sexual abuse. These can include nervous or aggressive behavior toward adults, early and age-inappropriate sexual provocativeness, alcohol consumption and the use of other drugs. Boys are more likely than girls to act out or behave in aggressive and antisocial ways. (Finkelhor, 1994.)The consequences of child sexual abuse are wide-ranging and varied. They can include:chronic depressionlow self-esteemsexual dysfunctionmultiple personalitiesAccording to the American Medical Association, 20% of all victims develop serious long-term psychological problems. They may take the form of:dissociative responses and other signs of post-traumatic stress syndromechronic states of arousalnightmaresflashbacksvenereal diseaseanxiety over sexfear of exposing the body during medical exams(Child Sexual Abuse: Does the Nation Face an Epidemic - or a Wave of Hysteria? CQ Researcher, 1993.) Sources Medline Plus: Child Sexual Abuse.  U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.  Child Sexual Abuse Statistics. National Center for Victims of Crime. Raising Awareness About Sexual Abuse: Facts and Statistics. Dru Sjodin National Sex Offender Public Website

I dont have topic on mind you can choose an easy one Research Paper

I dont have topic on mind you can choose an easy one - Research Paper Example Plagiarism is a prevalent but disturbing subject in academic societies all over the world. Many students today plagiarize past papers as well as various research papers when writing their research papers or assignments.  There are even websites that have been established to deal with the sheer need of students for people to help them in locating sources for their academic assignments. There are many websites today that allow students to pay complete strangers to do their assignments for them (Perelman, 128). Plagiarism was formerly simply referred to as copying. It was still as frowned upon as it is today, but the word plagiarism carries greater weight than the word ‘copying’. Many tertiary institutions punish students who engage in plagiarism; but this has not really dissuaded the practice. In fact, plagiarism appears to be on the rise. ‘Copying’ was not considered to be a serious issue before 1700 A.D. This is because prior to 1700 A.D., any written mate rial that was in existence was not considered to be the personal property of others, but as special messages of God. Therefore, any person who copied written texts was not considered to be trying to pass another’s work as his own, but just to be imitating the written work. In England, the first law against copying the works of others was passed in 1710 (Kantz, 83). This development is thought to have come about as a result of the developments of the printing press. The Protestant reformation also began to recognize the value of individual ownership. Although there was a lot of objection to the new law outlawing ‘copying’ another’s work, it would become more accepted in the 1890s. The word ‘plagiarism’ comes from the Latin term â€Å"plagiarus† which means â€Å"abductor† or â€Å"kidnapper†. Even though it is ethically wrong for a person to portray the ideas and concepts of others as his or her own, the laws concerning wha t constitutes plagiarism are hazy at best. For instance, one would be forced to say that in ghost writing, which is an accepted form of authorship in literary circles, the author that lends his or her name to the ghost writer is ethically wrong if plagiarism is strictly to be defined as taking credit for another’s work. Additionally, all movie stars who hire writers to write their acceptance speeches, or even politicians with writers in their payroll can also be said to be engaging in a form of plagiarism. This is because in reading their speeches, these celebrated people take credit for another person’s ideas and thoughts by passing these speeches as their own. Another kind of plagiarism that is not penalized in literary circles is â€Å"honorary authorship† where an overseer of a laboratory who hardly contributed at all to the research is mentioned in a research paper as a co-author. Another variety of plagiarism is in government circles where higher ranking o fficers use documents written for them by their subordinates and pass them off as their own. It is quite unreasonable to stress to students that plagiarism of any kind is wrong and will be penalized when here is a very different reality in the working world. The real world has a serious problem in overlooking different types of plagiarism while students are penalized even for insinuating ideas that their lecturers believe

Analyzing the causes of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing the causes of change - Essay Example This led to a position for Nokia which was not so mobile like before. The changes in the political environment included relaxation in the regulatory norms in telecommunication industry which attracted increasing number of foreign players in the telecommunications and mobile handset industry. The increase in the number of competitor and the launch of newly designed handsets in the market posed major challenges for Nokia (Burnes, 2009, p.52). The inclination of the customers towards the camera handsets launched by the competitors of Nokia led to the decline in market share of Nokia. The rise of Nokia to the leadership position in the 1990s created increasing job opportunities and rise in the income level of the people of various economies. The rise of the middle income group was the potential market that was tapped by the competitors of Nokia. The mobile handsets of Nokia were old fashioned that dated 10 years back. The market trends saw the launch of flashy and newly designed handsets with colourful screens and folding patterns (Reiss, 2012, p.39). The changes in the mobile handsets matched with the evolving social trends and demands of the customers. Nokia was unable to keep up with the recent changes in the market for which the market of Nokia declined in the recent years. Even the most loyal Finnish market of Nokia witnessed a decline in share from 93% to 80%. The technological advancements in the telecommunications industry and the increase in market share of LG, Motorola posed major threats to the business of Nokia in the several markets across the world. The mobile phone operators like Vodafone favoured the other mobile handset makers as they desired to provide services on mobile handsets that were updated to the market trends. Nokia did not believe in co-branding while the market trends saw increasing number of joint ventures and co-branding of products in order to meet the demands of customers (SENGUPTA, BHATTACHARYA and SENGUPTA, 2006, p.31). The sharin g of technology in the market helped the other market players to tap the customer segments who were looking for changes in the available features of the mobile handsets. These temporal changes in telecommunication device offerings to the market were due to the strategic policy making of the competitors (McLoughlin and Aaker, 2010, p.21). The changes in the political, economic, social and technological environment led to the loss of interest for Nokia among the market segments. Nokia could not identify the changes that took place in the market and failed to undertake strategic policies of change management in a timely manner. All these factors led to the decline in mobility of Nokia in the recent years. Use of multiple cause diagrams: forces of change management The decline in the market share of Blackberry smart-phones could be represented with the help of a multiple cause diagram to determine the factors that led to the changing scenario in the business of Research in Motion (RIM), the makers of Blackberry. The multiple cause diagrams would help the organization to respond to the forces of change and also enables the company in addressing the key variables in order to solve the complex dynamics of prevailing

Citizen Kane: Exposing the Truth about William Randolph Hearst Essay

Citizen Kane: Exposing the Truth about William Randolph Hearst Many have called Citizen Kane the greatest cinematic achievement of all time. It is indeed a true masterpiece of acting, screen writing, and directing. Orson Welles, its young genius director, lead actor, and a co-writer, used the best talents and techniques of the day (Bordwell 103) to tell the story of a newspaper giant, Charles Kane, through the eyes of the people who loved and hated him. However, when it came out, it was scorned by Hollywood and viewed only in the private theaters of RKO, the producer. Nominated for nine Academy Awards, it was practically booed off the stage, and only won one award, that for Best Screenplay, which Welles and Herman Mankiewicz shared (Mulvey 10). This was all due to the pressure applied by the greatest newspaper man of the time, one of the most powerful men in the nation, the man Citizen Kane portrayed as a corrupt power monger, namely William Randolph Hearst. One cannot ignore the striking similarities between Hearst and Kane. In order to make clear at the outset exactly what he intended to do, Orson Welles included a few details about the young Kane that, given even a rudimentary knowledge of Hearst's life, would have set one thinking about the life of that newspaper giant. Shortly after the film opens, a reporter is seen trying to discover the meaning of Kane's last word, "Rosebud." He begins his search by going through the records of Kane's boyhood guardian, Thatcher. The scene comes to life in midwinter at the Kane boarding house. Kane's mother has come into one of the richest gold mines in the world through a defaulting boarder, and at age twenty-five, Kane will inherit his sixty million dollars (Citizen Kane)... ...r himself by abusing the most potent weapon and shield of his day, the free press. "If I hadn't been very rich, I might have been a really great man." (Orson Welles, Citizen Kane) Bibliography 1)Bordwell, David. "Citizen Kane," Focus on Orson Welles. Prentice-Hall,1976. 2)Cowie, Peter. The Cinema of Orson Welles. De Capo Press, 1973. 3)Citizen Kane. dir. Orson Welles. With Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Dorothy Comingore. RKO, 1941. 4)Mulvey, Laura. Citizen Kane. BFI, 1992. 5)Reflections on Citizen Kane. dir. Unknown. Turner Home Entertainment,1991. 6)Robinson, Judith. The Hearsts: an American Dynasty. Avon Books, 1991. 7)Swanberg, W.A. Citizen Hearst. Scribner, 1961. Bantam Matrix Edition, 1967. 8)Zinman, David. Fifty Classic Motion Pictures: The Stuff that Dreams are Made Of. NY Crown Publishers, 1970. NY Limelight Editions, 1992.

Leadership strategy that supports organizational direction Essay

Organizations need leadership strategies in order to create confidence for employees and other stakeholders that there is a clear direction in which the organization aims to head. Understanding leadership culture is the first stage to creating an effective leadership strategy; the next step is to assess the relationship between staff and their leaders and bring emotional intelligence into play, this will become a necessity for leaders in creating their strategies (Gordon n.d). The retail store Diamond relies on different leadership and management theories but the selected theory of discussion is the Open Systems Theory. The impacts of different theories of management and leadership used within the retail industry is countless. A retail company like Diamond utilizes multiple theories in order to achieve their organizational goal but the dominating theory is the Systems Theory. Setting strategies relies on a time frame, and as such elements and resources must be allotted within the set time. The preeminent strategy that supports organizational direction is recognizing the culture which Diamond operates and the dominant leadership style. The Open Systems Theory allows managers to examine patterns and events in the workplace and will be helpful in coordinating agendas to work as a group for the complete goal or mission of the business rather than for insulated departments in achieving the organizational goals and keeping progress on track (Hawthorne 2015). This allows Diamond to manage and control its budget and will make a considerable amount of profit for the organization. Leaders who rely on emotional intelligence will take into account the feelings and needs of the staff and other stakeholders within Diamond. Being compassionate to staff and stakeholder allows the leader to connect with and grow a relationship throughout the organization, thus creating synergy. The leader can make an assessment on their thoughts on Diamond, how the leader can improve the company so they enjoy working there. This tactic will be helpful due to the fact that this is a motivational exercise and staff will gain a sense of belonging and pride. Staff will work more diligently, productivity will inevitably increase and profit will be maximized. Granted, this new leadership strategy with take some time to implement and be fully functional but with the use of a good change management model, the transition will feel  natural to the staff over a period of time. Reference Gordon, Jon. ‘Developing Positive Leaders, Organizations And Teams’. Jon Gordon Blog. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. Hawthorne, Madison. ‘Management Theories & Concepts At The Workplace’. Small Business – Chron.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Mar. 2015.

Benito Mussolini Course of Life

Benito Mussolini: Course of Life Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883 in Dovia di Predappio village, which is located in Northeastern Italia. There were two more kids in the family. Thus, Benito wasn’t alone and had a sister named Edvige and a brother named Armaldo. Little kids used to fight for different pretty things, but still they lived happily. Benito was brought up in an intelligent family, as his mother Rosa Malteni was a highly respected teacher at local school. The father of the boy, Allesandro Mussolini, a blacksmith and a committee socialist, was strong and brave person. The name Benito, which was given to the boy, came from the Mexican Revolutionary Juarez. Nevertheless, Benito grew up without any sort of manners and what is more, felonious and ill-behaved. Benito was constantly bullying the other kids at school and as a result he was the participant of every possible fight with children. The childhood of internationally famous dictator passed in one of the poorest regions. When he was a schoolboy, he has always been very quiet and never trusted his classmates. Every single thought, each feeling he kept to himself, which is why nobody could ever get into close contact with the boy. It was impossible to call him a class mixer. Benito has never wanted to become a sort of clown, which is why he never laughed. Nobody ever saw him on the front part of the class. Benito spent his school years at the back of the classroom reading a book or mused upon something known to him only. Playing with the other kids wasn’t of a special interest for him. Benito was growing up being surrounded by many political philosophers, who didn’t even realize the moment, when they urged him on the first thoughts concerning socialism, anarchism and other rebellious thoughts. To cut the long story short, Benito had very aggressive and violent temper. To my mind, the personality of sadistic leader, who used tyranny, incarceration and even assassination in order to keep power in his hands, was formed in very auspicious conditions, which is a clear evidence that family influence is original and deep-rooted.

The Nexus of the Business Ethics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2392 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Business ethics is the application of ethical values to business behavior. It applies to any and all aspects of business conduct, from boardroom strategies and how companies treat their suppliers to sales techniques and accounting practices. Ethics goes beyond the legal requirements for a company and is, therefore, discretionary. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Nexus of the Business Ethics" essay for you Create order Business ethics applies to the conduct of individuals and to the conduct of the organization as a whole. It is about how a company does its business, how it behaves intrinsically. The philosophy behind ethics having relevance to business is based on the fact that company, like an individual, is an important factor in society. Companies do not operate in a vacuum, but are part of society. Just as society expects a certain standard of behaviour from individuals, it also expects businesses to abide by similar standards. According to MORI research in July 2002, 80 % of the UK public believe thatÂÂ  large companies have a moral responsibility to society. But people no longer trust business to do the right thing. In the same survey, 61 % of people thought large companies dont really care about the long-term environmental and social impact of their actions. Companies require what is often called a license to operate. In other words, they need the approval of society in order to cont inue doing business. People expect companies to look after their staff and tell customers the truth. They also increasingly expect companies to address their environmental impacts and make sure that the people who make their products are treated fairly, wherever the company operates. A companys core values and codes of ethical behaviour should underpin everything that the business does. How a company then chooses to interact with its global and local communities in the light of its values and ethics is often known as Corporate Responsibility or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Generally, a company has five principle stakeholders as those with whom the company has a financial relationship. They are shareholders; customers; employees; suppliers and the community (through the payment of taxes). Other interested parties who may have influence over the companys behaviour would include the media; campaigning NGOs; competitors and the regulators, although these latter might be fin ancial stakeholders if they have power to regulate prices. Comparative Study: Ethics can be defined as a code of conduct that is based on the understanding of what is wrong or right. Therefore business ethics may be described as a set or informal code of conduct that may be displayed between the employees and the employer, company and the clients, as well as an organization to its neighbors and business associates. The need to display acceptableÂÂ  business ethicsÂÂ  is based on the perception that a mutually acceptable code of ethics improves productivity and minimizes employee complaints. A business organization that embraces good moral standards usually wins the efforts of the worker. There are decreased employees complaints and increased morale whenever the ethics applied are acceptable by the workers. Poor ethical presentation signifies compromised product and service delivery. For instance, if a company uses unacceptable recruitment procedures, this may result to subordination by the staff through poor production. This may lead to reduced revenues. In addition, an organization may have a sound ethics presentation system such as through right recruitment channels and procedures, rewarding of employees, and reprimanding of workers.ÂÂ   This creates a favorable working environment for the employee. This impacts on the production and general income levels of the company. Therefore, if a company sets good ethics frameworks and its implementation, this significantly improves on its performance. When the tool of ethical presentation is misused by a company, this brings in confrontations between the staff and the management. There is reduced concentration in duty execution. At the same time, poor application of work ethics drives away customers especially when the element of customer care is not applied responsibly. Poor employee-customer communication may result to dissatisfaction of the external customer resulting to withdraw ofÂÂ  consumption behavior. Positively, ethical presentation can create and strengthe n clients-company bond thus nurturing loyalty within the clientele. Ethics presentation can also impact on the competitiveness of the company to the business community. A company that practices sound ethics usually triumphs over the employees and clients needs and expectations which are the greatest tools of success of an organization. There is increased productivity, diversification of skills through innovation and creativity. On the other hand, there is improved buying behavior from the customers. This drives the company to profitability hence assuming the advantage of market leader and corporate ethics. Ethics presentation instills discipline in work place transforming to high performance through efficiency, concentration and respect. A company earns recognition and pride hence influencing the prospective customers. A company that receives confidence from the workers succeeds in growth and has a competitive edge. One may argue that business and ethics doÂÂ  not necessaril y go together. Succeeding in business is largely about advancing our own private interestsaggressively competing against other people, beating them out for the same prize, and having unlimited ambition for money, position, and power. The moral life, by contrast, focuses on our duties to othersnot to hurt anyone (deliberately or accidentally), to place other peoples interests ahead of our own when its called for, and always to treat others with the dignity and respect they deserve. Yet being scrupulously honest and caring in our business dealings with others can sometimes cost us sales, deals, money, and promotions. Refusing to go along with other peoples unethical behavior can even cost us our jobs. When taken too far in business, even healthy self-interest, competitiveness, and ambition can go turn into selfishness, aggression, and greedtraits that are clearly at odds with the moral life. It seems, then, that taking ethics seriously in business extracts a price and may make success more difficult to come by. But if this is true, why should any of us make the effort to do whats right? In particular, what would we say to someone who asks, Why should I be ethical?ÂÂ  Whats in it for me?. The most suitable response to this argument is to draw an empirical scenario of business world in 21st century where news is accessible and reachable by virtue of information technology all over the world. Nowadays, companies are open to public with loads of information regarding their business conducts and products. And any unfair business practice can badly affect the company reputation and destroy it completely. So it is for the sake of business itself to operate within a fair and ethical way. Moreover, having an ethical policy is good governance practice and is one of the hallmarks of a well-run business. It can reassure investors and other stakeholders about the companys approach to its non-financial risks. Besides providing a license to operate, having an ethical poli cy can also help to protect and enhance corporate reputation; can motivate and encourage loyalty in staff and can be useful in terms of risk management. The Institute of Business Ethics analyses the relationship between ethics and reputation risk management. Ethics policies are also an important aspect of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) and can stand companies in good stead with indices such as the FTSE4Good or the Dow Jones Sustainability Group.ÂÂ  In addition, another research shows that from three of four measures of corporate value (EVA, MVA and P/E ratio), it was found that, during 1997-2001, those companies in the sample that had had a code of ethics for at least five years outperformed a similar sized group who said they did not have a code. A number of companies have publicly claimed that ethics is good for their business. Well known for its ethical stance, The Co-operative Bank claims that itsÂÂ  ethical and ecological positioning makes a sizable contributio n to the banks profitability. The banks 2002 Partnership Report claims that,ÂÂ  for 2000, the profit attributable to ethically motivated customers was stated at between 15 % and 18 % of the banks profit before tax. Case Study: A series of external and internal factors are putting pressure on companies to address ethics. These include the increasing influence of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs); a pervasive media in search of stories; the knock-on effect of corporate accountancy scandals such as Enron and WorldCom; increasing legislation and the growth of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), as well as changing consumer and employee expectations. In 1977, following a series of scandals involving bribery by U. S. firms abroad including the Lockheed $12 million bribery case that led to the fall of the Japanese government at the time, the U. S. government passed the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The Act was historic because it was the first piece of legislation that attempted to control the actions of U.S. corporations in foreign countries. The Act prohibited U. S. companies from paying large sums of money (or their equivalent) to high level government officials of other countries to obtain special t reatment. A number of companies prior to the Act had already adopted the policy of refusing to pay bribes as a matter of ethical principle. IBM, among others, was known for adherence to this policy, as was Motorola. The Act forced all companies to live up to the already existing ethical norm. Its critics complained, however, that it put U. S. companies at an unfair disadvantage vis-Ã  -vis companies from other countries that were permitted to pay bribes. The U. S. government applied what pressure it could to encourage other countries to follow its lead, and finally twenty years later the OECD countries agreed to adopt similar legislation. In 1978 General Motors and a group of other U. S. companies adopted what are known as the Sullivan Principles, which governed their actions in South Africa. The signatories agreed that they would not follow the discriminatory and repressive apartheid legislation in South Africa and would take affirmative action to try to undermine apartheid not only by not following the existing South African apartheid statutes, but also by lobbying the South African government for change. Adherence to the Principles was seen as a way by which American companies could ethically justify doing business in South Africa. They were adopted in part as a response to public pressure on the companies to leave South Africa. The Principles have become a model for other voluntary codes of ethical conduct by companies in a variety of other ethically questionable circumstances. By the 1980s many companies had started reacting to calls for ethical structures, and more and more started adopting ethical codes and instituting ethics training for their employees. Each wave of scandals, which seemed to occur every ten years or so, resulted in more pressure for companies to incorporate ethics into their structures. In 1984 the Union Carbide disaster at its plant in Bhopal, India, which killed thousands of people and injured several hundred thousand, focuse d world attention on the chemical industry. This led to the chemical industrys adopting a voluntary code of ethical conduct known as Responsible Care, which became a model for other industries. In 1986, in response to a series of reported irregularities in defense contracts, a special Commission Report on the situation led to the establishment of the Defense Industry Initiative (DII) on Business Ethics and Conduct, signed by thirty-two (it soon increased to fifty) major defense contractors. Each signatory agreed to have a written code of ethics, establish appropriate ethics training programs for their employees, establish monitoring mechanisms to detect improper activity, share their best practices, and be accountable to the public. The DII became the model for what has been the most significant governmental impetus to the business ethics movement, namely, the 1991 U. S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Corporations. That law took the approach of providing an incentive for corpo rations to incorporate ethical structures within their organizations. If a company could show that it had taken appropriate measures to prevent and detect illegal and unethical behavior, its sentence, if found guilty of illegal behavior, would be reduced considerably. Appropriate measures included having a code of ethics or of conduct, a high-placed officer in charge of oversight, an ethics training program, a monitoring and reporting system (such as a hotline), and an enforcement and response system. Fines that could reach up to $290 million could be reduced by up to 95 percent if a company could showÂÂ  bona fideÂÂ  institutional structures that were in place to help prevent unethical and illegal conduct. The result was a concerted effort on the part of most large companies to incorporate into their organizations the structures required. This led to the development of a corporate position known as the Corporate Ethics Officer, and in 1992 to the establishment of the Corp orate Ethics Officer Association. The most recent legislative incentive to incorporate ethics in the corporation came in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, passed as a result of a rash of scandals involving Enron, WorldCom, Arthur Andersen and other prominent corporations. The Act requires, among other things, that the CEO and CFO certify the fairness and accuracy of corporate financial statements (with criminal penalties for knowing violations) and a code of ethics for the corporations senior financial officers, as well as requiring a great deal more public disclosure. Corporations have responded to legislative and popular pressure in a variety of ways. The language of social responsibility rather than explicitly ethical language is still probably the most commonly used. Self-monitoring of adherence to a corporations stated principles and self-adopted standards is becoming more common, and some companies have voluntarily adopted monitoring of their practices, policies and plants by independent auditors. The notion of a Triple Bottom Line, which involves financial, social and environmental corporate reporting, has been adopted by a number of companies. Other popular reporting mechanisms include corporate environmental sustainability reports and social audits, which vary considerably in what is reported and how it is reported. Ethical investing is another aspect of the movement, and mangers of ethical investment funds have begun proposing stockholder proposals as a means of encouraging more ethical behavior on the part of corporations in which they own stock. Conclusion: The above discussion reveals that ethics is must to do business well and to maximize profit. However, it is not so smooth as selfishness and unfair market completion creates obstacles in the way and encourages people to resort to unethical means to get the best out of it. But in the long run only that business remains profitable which continuously provides good quality products and keeps following fair policy.

My Fathers Life - 1110 Words

In between the two world wars, America suffered from hunger and unemployment. This all happened because of the huge economic crisis, which struck the whole world in 1929. It is not unusual that this type of crisis can lead man into alcoholism and gambling, and quickly, a whole family can be on the edge of destruction. This is exactly what Raymond Carver describes in his novel â€Å"My Father’s Life† from 1984. In his novel, Raymond Carver describes his father’s life, starting with his death and continuing with how he met his wife. The story goes on, telling about their poor life, his alcoholism, gambling and his unfaithfulness. The father is named Clevie Raymond Carver and he is roughly described as a drunkard, who has a hard time finding†¦show more content†¦He writes this poem in the period where he is most identic to his father: â€Å"I wrote the poem when I was living in an apartment house in an urban area of south Francisco, at a time when I found myself, like my dad, having trouble with alcohol.† -------------------------------------------- [ 1 ]. (P. 170, l. 16-19) [ 2 ]. (P. 175, l. 9-11) [ 3 ]. (P. 169, l. 34-37) [ 4 ]. (P. 174-175, l. 40-3) [ 5 ]. (P. 174, l. 28-30) [ 6 ]. (P. 172, l. 5-8) [ 7 ]. (P. 171, l. 22-25) [ 8 ]. (P. 175, l.Show MoreRelatedMy Life With My Father1066 Words   |  5 PagesHospital in Bronxville New York. I was named after my father and grandfather which made me Manuel Pragana the Third. Having the same name as three other people in my family made it ever tough for us to figure out when someone yelled Manny which one they were trying to get ahold of. I lived the first year of my life with my mother and father in their house in Yonkers where both of them grew up. Soon after my parents found out that they were having my younger brother Antonio they packed me up and boughtRead MoreMy Life Is My Father1180 Words   |  5 Pagesseen as my hero my whole life is my father. He is the most humble man I know. His humility remind me each day how there are good people that truly exist in this world. He he acquired this trait from my grandfather and grandmother who use to clothe, feed, and house immigrants that came to the United stated in the mid 70s and 80s. My dad told me ho w my grandpa never denied anyone help how he would help those that came through his house until they were able to get on their two feet. My pride wouldRead MoreMy Life As A Father1676 Words   |  7 PagesI would like to share some things that have made me think of late, mainly of the short comings that I have faced myself, as a father (yes, I have been guilty on occasion), and now Grandfather, although time is on my side to correct this, as my Granddaughter is about to turn 3 years old in December. I went back into baseball last year, to play for the Werribee Giants Baseball Club, after being away from the game for almost 20 years. I was welcomed with open arms and the opportunity to coach wasRead MoreMy Fathers Life1094 Words   |  5 Pagesquickly, a whole family can be on the edge of destruction. This is exactly what Raymond Carver describes in his novel â€Å"My Father’s Life† from 1984. In his novel, Raymond Carver describes his father’s life, starting with his death and continuing with how he met his wife. The story goes on, telling about their poor life, his alcoholism, gambling and his unfaithfulness. The father is named Clevie Raymond Carver and he is roughly described as a drunkard, who has a hard time finding work and stayingRead MoreMy Life Of My Father849 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Goodbye Daddy†. Those two simple words felt stained to my lips every time I had to say them while growing up. I was raised in a military family, with a father that was never home. My father was in Special Forces so he was constantly deployed for months on end. I think his longest deployment was probably fifteen months, maybe eighteen, I have grown to forget them by now. While growing up, I was never allowed to discuss my father’s circumstances. Not just because of how important and secretive heRead MoreMy Life With My Father Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesThe One Week That Will Last a Lifetime Isn t it funny how fast life can seem to pass by? Often we are so caught up in the daily actions of the world that we miss certain things in the meantime. As if we all have infinite time to do infinite things with the people that we carry dearly in our hearts every single day. Life as we know however, is not always this beautiful. I found this out the hard way by losing my father, and falling into a depression I struggle with everyday. I had a very interestingRead MoreMy Life Of My Father984 Words   |  4 PagesSongtan, South Korea. Bringing me into this world must have been a tremendous task for my mother because she reminds me often how difficult birthing me was. My mother unconditionally loved me the way I was and bought me a lot of dresses that a princess would wear in a fairy tale book. Also, she encouraged my learning and bought me more than hundreds of books to broaden my insight of the world. However, my father was a traditional, patriarchal Korean man who was immediately ashamed that his first bornRead MoreMy Life Of My Father2733 Words   |  11 Pageshad turned seven, my mother had demanded a divorce from my father, but he didn’t want one and started to threaten my mother if she left him. For instance, one morning, I recall my mother arguing with my father about him not being around and always being drunk and high on drugs. My father was going around the house punching walls and throwing picture frames and anything he was able to get his hands on. I remember running into my parent’s room and seeing my mother holding on to my little sister withRead MoreMy Life Of My Father1433 Words   |  6 Pagesearly 40’s and considered by the government standard as being middle class. My mother was rushed to the hospital on March 14th, 1995 in Brandon, Florida. This made me the youngest of their three children. My sister is ten years older than I am and my brother is seven years older. 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New Zealand Families Today Free Essays

string(72) " decision nor felt that their wellbeing was affected by their decision\." RESEARCH PROJECT Women in later life who have chosen to remain voluntarily childfree what are the implications if any? 1. AIM The aim of the research is to explore the implications of remaining voluntarily childfree for women in later life within the New Plymouth district of New Zealand. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on New Zealand Families Today or any similar topic only for you Order Now a. INTRODUCTION Within many Western industrialised societies there are notions that children provide fulfillment, give purpose and offset loneliness in later life. There are tales like the ‘Three Spinsters’ from the writers The Brothers Grimm which have contributed to the stereotypes of childless women as lonely, bitter and unfulfilled for decades. If children are necessary at preventing loneliness in older age there is concern in regards to the New Zealand population trend. The 2006 New Zealand census released reports that by 2016 one in four women will remain childless. The implications of the assumption that children are necessary for elderly wellbeing could mean that our ageing generations may be prone to loneliness. The changing demographics of our society combined with the findings that there is no research to date on voluntary childfree women in later life within New Zealand has amplified my interest in this research topic. My interest in this research proposal stems from my own position in life. I am a 35 year old Pakeha woman who has chosen to remain childfree. I have had many assumptions put forward to me in regards to my personal choice to remain voluntarily childfree. These are mainly aimed around the notion that I am destined for loneliness in later life and that I will be unfulfilled. Therefore I have made my position within this research proposal transparent as I acknowledge it is influential to my perspective when I undertake the research. Delwyn Field Page 2 The research proposal will outline the research methodology to be carried out. The research will be qualitative based on a feminist’s perspective, to provide knowledge of women issues, for women from women. The research will be guided by feminist ideology and explore the socially constructed norms of womanhood without motherhood. The data collection will be the use of storytelling which is fitting with qualitative research. The story telling process will enlighten the researcher on how the participants came to their chosen life path. This will be informative as the participants came from the eras of where motherhood and childbirth was predominately something that happened to women not chosen by women (Held, 1989, as cited in Riley, 2008). The participants for the research will be women who have chosen to remain childfree and they will be over the age of 65. The age range of 65 plus is described as late adulthood in human development lifespan theories (Berk, 2007). I have chosen this age criteria because critical social, emotional and developmental stages occur in this period of life which are broadly universal to most elderly (Berk, 2007). The research proposal will also be based on the New Plymouth district of New Zealand. The New Plymouth district consists of â€Å"New Plymouth and the towns of Waitara, Inglewood, Urenui, Okato, Bell Block, Oakura and many other smaller rural communities† (New Plymouth District Council, n. d. ). Within New Zealand there is no empirical research done on New Zealand voluntary childless women in smaller urban areas in later life, hence why the research will be conducted here. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This literature review has minimal reference to New Zealand literature as there is a limited study on voluntary childfree persons within New Zealand. Therefore the majority of the literature relied on is sourced from Western industrialised countries. In 1997, Cameron investigated voluntary childless within New Zealand in her book Without Issue; New Zealanders who choose not to have children. The participants within Delwyn Field Page 3 the research were numerous and involved mostly the qualitative approach of telling their story (Cameron, 1997). One of the themes that was highlighted in Cameron’s (1997) study was the social perceptions of voluntary childfree persons; the assumption that they were unhappy, selfish, emotionally unstable, immature and LONELY. This assumption of lonely old women has fueled the myth that those who choose not to have children are going to be miserable in their later years (Cameron, 1997). This was a common theme uncovered in further literature. This stereotyped image of voluntary childfree as lonely and unfulfilled is still predominating in our society in the twenty first century. Riley in her 2008 Masters of Social Science in Psychology researched stereotyping of voluntary childfree couples within New Zealand. This qualitative study interviewed and held focus groups of ten couples, to delve into stereotypes, pressures and harassments of their chosen life path. One of the stereotypes that were identified was that they were â€Å"destined for loneliness in later life† (Riley, 2008, p. ii). Throughout Riley’s 2008 thesis the belief by those who have/want children is that for individuals in society, and especially women children were fundamental in providing fulfillment and companionship. Jamison, Franzini and Kaplan (1979, cited in Riley, 2008) investigation of American university students supported Riley (2008) view that there are negative implications for women in later life who were remaining childfree. The students perceived these women to be â€Å"less likely to be happy and satisfied in old age† (Jamison, Franzini Kaplan, 1979 cited in Riley, 2008, p. 21). The participants in Riley’s (2008) research noted that there was harassment and pressure in regards to the implications and risks they were taking in remaining childfree. These were messages that in later life they would be alone, they would not have children to support or give them fulfillment this would be internalised and their wellbeing would be effected (Riley, 2008). Delwyn Field Page 4 Regret is a message that childfree persons seem to hear continually in regards to their decision (Cameron, 1997). But there is to date research that has actually provided the opposite outcome. In Jeffries and Konnett (2002) research found that 22 out of 23 participants of the Canadian voluntary childfree women did not regret their decision nor felt that their wellbeing was affected by their decision. You read "New Zealand Families Today" in category "Papers" When analyzing Zhang and Hayward’s (2001) quantitative research of Americans in the 1993 Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) to conclude the Psychological wellbeing of childless older persons stereotypes are actually unfounded. The result of their research concluded that childlessness when voluntary did not support the hypothesis that â€Å"childlessness increases loneliness and depression for divorced, widowed and never married elderly persons† (Zhang Hayward, 2001, p. 311). Therefore children make little difference in how women fare in later life in regards to loneliness. This was again confirmed by Rempel’s (1985) research article into the childless elderly. Rempel used the 1979 Social Change in Canada’s data base to compare childless and parent elderly. The results from the research showed that statistically there were minimal disparities of what they were missing in life. The article stated there were benefits to both choices in life. When reviewing the article Rempel (1985) highlighted the ability of those who were childfree to have a parallel quality of life of those who were parents in later life. This refutes the concern that childfree elderly are isolated and lonely. What points to the parallel quality of life is that thou adult children provide support networks to elderly parents. The childfree elderly also have an established network of friends and family e. g. siblings who contribute to their support networks (Rempel, 1985). Rempel (1985) suggest this is due to childfree persons knowing that in later life children are not going to be available. So in turn they produce a life that ensures they are â€Å"capable self reliant elderly† with an established support network they nurture (Rempel, 1985, p. 347). Delwyn Field Page 5 Zhang and Hayward (2001) confirmed that the social support network was crucial in childfree elderly maintaining wellbeing. Their research linked older childless persons being integrated into close friend networks instead of the close family networks older parents had established this was on par or to a greater level at providing support (Zhang and Hayward, 2001). The research also underpinned the role of siblings, nieces and nephews played in elderly childfree lives as being important compared to that of elderly parents lives (Zhang and Hayward, 2001). Connidis and Davis (1990) qualitative survey of over 400 older person to conclude the place of family and friends in later life also states the use of differing support networks of elderly people is beneficial. In depth individual one hour interviews in America discovered that among elderly persons a diversified social network provides the best support in later life (Connidis and Davis, 1990). This is most favorable to childfree women as they tend to develop the strongest ties with friends and siblings as both companions and confidents (Connidis Davis, 1990). This may be again due to ensuring their self reliance in later life due to no children to depend upon. One of the key findings in loneliness, social isolation and living alone in later life was the size of the individual’s social network in offsetting negative effects of loneliness (Victor, Bowling, Bond Scambler, n. d). Though a large amount of this literature review has shown loneliness is not the destiny of elderly childfree persons, it unfortunately has not included New Zealand childfree women. Therefore when analyzing Riley’s (2008) childfree participants in her New Zealand study was there any key theme that was established in regards to social networks and loneliness pertaining to the participants? All participants raised the concern of their status ‘childfree’ as making them more socially excluded. The difficulty of remaining friends with people when they became parents was expressed due to the â€Å"nature of the relationship† would change (Riley, 2008, p. 57). Maintaining friendships with parents was an issue and affected social networks. Cameron (1997) also discovered this in her Delwyn Field Page 6 study that childfree people believe that if they were parents they would have access to larger social networks (Cameron, 1997). This is because parents have more in common with other parent’s children provide a connection that is not available to childfree (Riley, 2008). Although to date no data could be found within the literature research to confirm that parenting is a guarantee to social inclusion. Unfortunately no participants were elderly to conclude loneliness in later life. More research needs to be conducted in regards to New Zealand Childfree persons to conclude social network supports and loneliness in elderly here. An article released by New Zealand Statistics in 2008 concluded that if trends continue one in four elderly women in New Zealand will be childless. New Zealand statistics also stated that childless is more common among women living in main urban areas (Boddington Didham, 2008). Boddington and Didham (2008) who collated this information from the 2006 census state this is due to the larger social networks available in main urban areas. So will women who remain voluntary childfree and reside in smaller urban areas, be subjected to more negative impacts from their decision due to more smaller social networks? 3. METHOD The research proposed is from a qualitative approach using storytelling as a means of data collection. This method is applied because of the argument presented in favor of qualitative research that it â€Å"†¦views the social world as a complex, dynamic reality†¦ of multiple layers of meaning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Connolly, 2002, p. 27). Therefore qualitative data enables a more comprehensive insight into the complexity of people. Qualitative research also supports feminist principles of where women are collaborative and equal in the research (Smith Noble-Spreull, 1986). Where-as if a quantitative method was applied in this research, it would focus on controlled data where the researcher has a hierarchical relationship with the researched, thus not equal and consistent with feminist values. Also through telling their stories women are given a voice to speak out within the public arena Delwyn Field Page 7 on pronatalism attitudes (promoting childbearing) which have been linked with patriarchal values and subordination of women (Riley, 2008). In turn this research will empower women to explore the complexity of childfree women which is important for feminism. Hence the qualitative approach when researching women who choose to remain voluntary childfree embraces the feminist perspective and enables us to seek understanding and information from the participant’s point of view (Bryman, 2001). 3. 1 DATA COLLECTION The data collection for the research is through one on one interview through storytelling. Davidson Tolich state â€Å"storytelling aims to explore an individual’s identity†¦through personal accounts† (Alice, 2003, p. 6). It is a method that reveals rich data because when individuals talk of their understanding of events they may retell it giving greater insight to the complexity of their experiences and themselves (Webster Mertova, 2007). This would be favorable in this research because the participants may have quite unique and complex accounts of their chosen life path where their poin t of view is vital for data collection. Feminists also believe that storytelling is unique at capturing the â€Å"diversity of experiences between women† (Alice, 2003, p. 67). The interviews will be conducted within the participants home, at times which are most convenient for them. There is no structured time set due to the nature of the data collection method, but the research is based on one or two in depth interviews. The life stories will provide the interview format, my role as the researcher will be to provide prompts to encourage the flow of the interview process. Being an insider within the research proposal, and having my position transparent through contributing and sharing in the interview, will enhance the process of sharing stories. Through the storytelling collection method the research will seek to cover several aspects of the participant’s life story. These will be consistent with revealing data that will help to conclude what it is like to be voluntary childfree in later life. See appendix one for subject matter the interviews will be seeking to cover from each participant. If a more formal structured Delwyn Field Page 8 interview was to take place assumptions about the participant may taint their viewpoint and limit the data collected (Bryman 2001). The interviews will be recorded by audiotape, once consent is gained from the participants (Appendix two). This will enable me, the interviewer, to remain focused on the participants and enable the flow of the interview. Note taking will not be included as it may distort respondent’s answers and may be interruptive in the flow of the interview (Bryman 2001). The audiotapes will be transcribed by the interviewer and transferred to a hard copy. The participants will be invited to be supplied with a full copy of the audio interview and hard copy. This will in turn encourage reciprocity i. e. equal bi directional relationships within the research process, which is in line with feminism ideology (Smith Noble-Spreull, 1986). It will also allow for the participants to confirm and have the opportunity to comment and make changes to their stories. This empowers the participant and encourages an egalitarian relationship which is congruent with qualitative research (Smith Noble Spreull, 1986). The data through out the research project will be kept in a locked filing cabinet within my home in Taranaki. All information that is stored on computer will be contained in a secure file. At the end of the research project all data will be destroyed that is held on the computer, and within the filing cabinet. The participant’s audio tapes and hard copy transcripts will be returned to them or destroyed at the end of the research depending on their personal preference. The qualitative research will be analysed using coding where data retrieved from the story telling is broken down to key findings using the themes from the interview guide and other categories (appendix one). The other categories may be quite broad due to the in-depth nature of the data collection, thus sub categories may evolve through the data analysis (Bryman, 2001). The use of coding within the research enables the researcher to review transcripts and decipher significant common themes of the participants interviews Delwyn Field Page 9 (Bryman, 2001). The coding process will categorize the participant’s life stories showing common patterns in the social world of those who remain voluntary childfree and allow for analysis of the data (Bryman, 2001). Within the data collection coding should be done as soon as possible to â€Å"†¦sharpen your understanding of the data†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and help with providing other emerging patterns (Bryman, 2001, p. 398). These patterns above the interview themes will contribute to the findings and the development of a theory to conclude the implications of remaining voluntarily childfree in later life. Once the coding is complete the data can be statistically analysed. 3. 2 SAMPLE GROUP/ PARTICIPANTS The sample group will consist of seven voluntary participants. The criteria for the sample group will be female, aged 65 years plus, voluntary childfree, living independent within the New Plymouth district community and have no cognitive impairment e. g. Alzheimer’s and dementia. The participants will be recruited through volunteer means. An advertisement will be placed within the local New Plymouth Midweek paper, over a period of two months recruiting volunteer participants (appendix four). The advertisement will also target local agency Age Concern to advertise in their newsletter magazine (Appendix four). Recruitment will also depend on invitations been extended through snowballing where the researcher depends on the social network groups of childfree women to enable invitation. Bryman (2001) describes snowballing as the opportunity to use a small group to recruit other participants who are relevant for the research. This method of recruitment is chosen because there is no data base to seek women who have chosen to remain voluntary childfree available in New Zealand. The researcher will select the first seven participants who meet the chosen criteria. The number of participants allows the researcher to acquire a large enough sample base for data to be consequential in providing an analysis of voluntary childfree women. The Delwyn Field Page 10 group number is also conducive in enabling the type of data collection method to be effectively conducted. This is due the in depth nature of story telling collection methods in conjunction with the time restraints of the research proposal. The selected seven participants will be sent a letter introducing the researcher stating what is required as participants (appendix three), and a consent form (appendix two). The consent form will tell the participants of their rights, where the information will be used and ensure them that they can withdraw from the research at any time (appendix two). 4. ETHICAL ISSUES Through my study as a social work student I will be guided by the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers (ANZASW) Code of Ethics (2008) ethical responsibilities in research. The research carried out will be in line with social work practice and be sensitive to the â€Å"†¦wellbeing and dignity of participants† by integrating the following into the research proposed (ANZASW, 2008, p. 4). Before undertaking any recruitment the research proposed will be taken to the Western Institute of Technology (WITT) Ethics Committee to seek guidance and advice in regards to what research ethics committee I may need to gain approval from. This will ensure that the research meets the appropriate standards of being ethically sound. Within the voluntary recruitment process no partici pants will be â€Å"†¦obtained by coercion nor by force†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and at all times through out the research the participants have the right to withdraw without explanation to the researcher (Wilkinson, 2001, p. 6). The introduction letter (Appendix three) will be to ensure that participants are fully informed of all relevant information in regards to the nature, purpose and process of the research that is to be carried out. This information will be fully disclosed whether the participant has asked for it or not and will ensure that the participant gains full knowledge of what they are getting into (Wilkinson, 2001). This will all be disclosed before obtaining written consent (Appendix two) from the participants so that no deception occurs. Delwyn Field Page 11 All data collection methods will be conducted in a manner that upholds the principles of Te Tiriti O Waitangi; partnership, participation and protection. The research will be conducted so that self determination is sustained. This will be through participants obtaining a full copy of the audio interview and written copy of the transcript for clarification. This will also provide the opportunity for them to change and omit any information that they do not wish to be disclosed. Confidentiality will be upheld, names of participants will be deleted. Participants will be informed though that some information given may enable them to be identified due to the size of the demographic area; so complete confidentiality can not be fully guaranteed. All information obtained will be destroyed on completion of the research project, with the option that participants may have information returned to them if they wish. The concern for harm within the research would be that the research topic may generate negative memories and emotions for the participants. Under the clause 8. 1 of the ANZASW Code of Ethics (2008) the researcher must â€Å"†¦take all possible steps to protect participants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , if distress does occur a referral to a counselor will be provided (ANZASW, 2008, p. 14). This service will be available during and up to the completion of the research. Potential problems that may occur in trying to carry out the research may be the perception that I the researcher are too young, thus discrediting my ability causing the participants to not talk to me. Also the ability to gain participants who wish to share their stories of their chosen life path of voluntarily remaining childfree may be considered too personal to share. If not enough participants are found the sample may not be large enough to give a significant and fair analysis of the implications of remaining childfree in later life within the New Plymouth district. Delwyn Field Page 12 At all times I will seek supervision due to my own personal position within the research topic. This will be to ensure information obtained from the research will not spark off any negative mental discomfort in my own personal life. . CONCLUSION This research proposal is an opportunity for women to tell their stories and enlighten society that womanhood in later life is not just valued on motherhood, thus disputing pronaltist ideology (Riley, 2008). These stories will hopefully support existing literature and remove assumptions, allowing voluntarily childfree women to be more valued in our socie ty and not stereotyped for later life implications. One of the greatest benefits of this research is that undertaking research on women in later life who are voluntary childfree may assist future elderly generations. This is through providing rich data from their life stories which may conclude coping techniques to ensure well being an offset loneliness in later life. With using a feminist perspective in the qualitative research methodology the research will work for women and give a voice to empower them in their choices. 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